tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55893078779136269712024-03-12T21:48:36.488-07:00The Incredible Human Skingiddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-4881728880043314162012-06-06T23:29:00.001-07:002012-06-06T23:29:59.919-07:00Critical Thinking/Making Connections<b>Making Connections Through "Reading"</b><br />
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After spending three school terms on researching the human skin, a basic connection can be made, and that is how the "function" of the skin plays a key role in determining our health. For my first term LiD project, I focused on the basic concepts of the skin (layers of skin and history of skin), and for the second term, I chose to do my research on common skin disorders and finally, my last term LiD project centers around skin pigmentation and how that determines the color of skin. All those three term projects share numerous connections between one another, and the most important one that I will point out is the fact that they all revolve around the idea of health issues and how that can affect us. <br />
<a name='more'></a>When I first started on the research, I did not have the slightest thought of focusing my project on the different types of skin disorders as that was not the initial intention. However, as I began my research, I found out that almost every single detail of the skin has somewhat of a relation to a specific kind of disease. For example, for my term one project, I was only thinking about doing research on the history of the skin (past, present and future) when I found out what a "skin cell gun" was. The idea of a skin cell gun is to heal the wounded soldier faster, which is related to the health issues. Likewise, for my second and third LiD projects, I was only interested in finding the determinant of skin color when I found out what an "albinism" is. Albinism is a type of skin pigmentation disorder that is caused by the absence of melanin. (for more elaboration, please refer to "Albinism (Skin Pigmentation Disorder)") As a result, I was rather surprised by how closely related the skin is in terms of the connection that can be made. </div>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-45811960221948500722012-06-06T00:23:00.003-07:002012-06-06T00:23:39.057-07:00Bibliography<br />
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<br />giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-48442916222642126422012-06-06T00:11:00.001-07:002012-06-06T00:12:32.871-07:00Albinism (Skin Pigmentation Disorder)<b>Skin Pigmentation Disorder: Albinism</b><br />
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Albinism is a skin pigmentation disorder that is caused by the absence of skin pigments. This results in pale or white skin as melanin, the determinant for skin color, is not present. Excessive absence of melanin results in visual problems and may lead to a higher potential diagnosis with skin cancers. (since individuals with albinism lack the dark pigment melanin, which protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation [sunlight])<br />
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<li>This picture features an African boy with albinism. The lack of skin pigmentation resulted in the pale and white skin. </li>
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<b>Causes of Albinism</b><br />
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Albinism is caused by the inheritance of genetically recessive alleles (genes) passed from both parents. This causes the lack of skin pigmentation as the albinism genes are inherited rather than the dominant alleles. <b>In short, the skin pigmentation is altered by genetic defects.</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IV6DAhLmNDE/T88AQ-sTieI/AAAAAAAAAHk/LfAL8qsY87Q/s1600/albino.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IV6DAhLmNDE/T88AQ-sTieI/AAAAAAAAAHk/LfAL8qsY87Q/s320/albino.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Kenosha Robinson, an African-American woman who was born with albinism</span><br />
(click on the following link to get her say on the story)<br />
<a href="http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/black-white-skin">http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/black-white-skin</a><br />
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<b>Treatment</b><br />
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Treatment for albinism usually includes only those of visual rehabilitation, such as surgery to remove common refractive errors, glasses and other vision aids to improve vision.<br />
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</div>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-89810850792407833062012-06-05T23:45:00.001-07:002012-06-05T23:46:12.854-07:00Skin Color<b>Skin Pigmentation</b><br />
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Skin pigments are what determine the color of the skin. There are five major skin pigments, "<b>melanin</b>," "<b>melanoid</b>," "<b>keratin</b>," "<b>hemoglobin</b>," and "<b>oxyhemoglobin</b>." All of these skin pigments present at different levels in terms of the places where they are found in skin. While all these five skin pigments are important in determining the color of the skin, melanin remains the primary cause of skin color.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(Saharan African, Indian, Southern European, Northwest European)</td></tr>
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<li>The causes of the variation in skin is not certain, but it is arguable to be caused by genetics.</li>
<li>Skin color ranges from almost black to white due to blood vessels underneath</li>
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Melanin is the primary cause in determining the color of skin. It is found in hair, pigmented tissues underlying the iris of the eye and the inside of the ear. Melanin is triggered by enzymes that cause it to create the color of skin, eyes and hair shades. It is brown in color and appears in the epidermis.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GtlyZLlztcA/T876Hsmp0kI/AAAAAAAAAHI/uBixLoaKCxo/s1600/melanin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GtlyZLlztcA/T876Hsmp0kI/AAAAAAAAAHI/uBixLoaKCxo/s320/melanin.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tVZTy9fs8AM/T876X_NqAoI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/y1cjfQgAd1s/s1600/Pigmented_melanoma_-_cytology.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tVZTy9fs8AM/T876X_NqAoI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/y1cjfQgAd1s/s200/Pigmented_melanoma_-_cytology.jpg" width="142" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pigmented melanoma </td></tr>
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<b>Other Skin Pigments</b><br />
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I will only briefly introduce the other four skin pigments as they are not as important as melanin</div>
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<li><b>Melanoid</b>- similar to melanin but is present diffusely throughout the epidermis</li>
<li><b>Keratin</b>- yellow to orange in color and is present in the fat cells of dermis (second layer of skin)</li>
<li><b>Hemoglobin</b>- found in blood and develops a purple color, but it is not a pigment</li>
<li><b>Oxyhemoglobin</b>- also found in blood and is not a pigment of skin but it develops a red color</li>
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<br /></div>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-73427153787810940842012-06-05T21:21:00.001-07:002012-06-05T22:51:39.608-07:00Key Terms and IdeasTerminology for Human Skin<br />
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<li><b>Epidermis</b>- the first and the outermost layer of skin that makes contact with our surroundings. It consists of dead and dying cells</li>
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<li><b>Dermis</b>- the second and the middle layer of skin where new cells are born. It is supplied with blood vessels, nerves, hair roots and sweat glands</li>
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<li><b>Hypodermis</b>- the third and the innermost layer of human skin where larger blood vessels and clumps of fat-filled cells are found. It is where the muscles and the bones are attached by connective tissue</li>
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<li><b>Skin Cell Gun</b>- an airbrush-like tool that is used to isolate and spray stem cells onto severely burned skin in order to heal the wounds faster</li>
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<li><b>Acne</b>- a common skin disorder that often occurs during adolescence. It is caused by the blockage of hair follicles. {for more elaboration, please refer to [Common Skin Disorder (Acne)] }</li>
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<li><b>Blackhead</b>- one of the two types of acne. It occurs when the comedo is opened, meaning that it comes to contact with the air on the skin surface which turns the comedo black due to the skin pigment</li>
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<li><b>Whitehead</b>- the other type of acne. It occurs when the trapped sebum produces a whitish bump below the skin surface</li>
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<li><b>Eczema</b>- a skin disorder that causes itchiness and inflammation on epidermis (first layer of skin)</li>
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<li><b>Woodcutters Eczema</b>- aka. "cedar poisoning," caused by the overexposure to lichen acids</li>
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<li><b>Skin Cancer</b>- the most common form of human cancer which is developed from the uncontrollable growth of cancer cells in the epidermis. It is caused by the overexposure to UV rays and tanning booths</li>
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<li><b>Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)</b>- the most common type of skin cancer that is treatable with standard surgery</li>
</ul>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-91313738255384946222012-06-03T23:51:00.000-07:002012-06-05T21:23:42.800-07:00Common Skin Disorder (Eczema)<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Eczema</b></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Eczema is a form of inflammation on the
epidermis which does not have a direct cause to it. Doctors believe that it is caused by gene defects that lead
to distortion of certain proteins which maintain the barrier of normal skin. The
protection of skin is lowered which allows allergens and irritants to make
contact with the sensitive skin. Eczema is also hereditary. Although eczema
rarely causes death, according to the statistics of Canada, five Canadians died
from eczema in 2008.</span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Mc8Bo9x1YWo/T8xZSI1fprI/AAAAAAAAAGY/GKII1AWUBWc/s1600/Baby+Eczema+(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" fba="true" height="135" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Mc8Bo9x1YWo/T8xZSI1fprI/AAAAAAAAAGY/GKII1AWUBWc/s200/Baby+Eczema+(1).jpg" width="200" /></a>Cause: gene defects <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px;">à</span> distortion of proteins that maintain the barrier of skin <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px;">à</span> skin becomes sensitive <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px;">à</span> inflammation occurs <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16px;">à</span> cracked and itchy skin
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Here is a personal experience of eczema from one of my dearest friends:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">I was practically born with eczema. Apparently it’s hereditary. When I
was little, my cousin and I were born almost 2 months apart and were often put
into the same crib. One time, they put my cousin and I in a crib for a few
hours and then went to socialize (or whatever…) and by the time they came back
to check on us, I was red and covered with scratch marks. Immediately, they
thought my cousin had attacked/scratched me and put us in separate cribs.
Later, they found out that I had actually scratched myself, because I had
eczema. My skin was scratched until it was red, with several sores on my arms
and legs. Imagine that on a baby… Eczema is the most annoying thing that has
ever happened to me D: Also, my grandpa
recently found out he has eczema and my dad is showing signs of having it too.
It’s definitely hereditary</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">There is also a different kind of eczema called “</span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">woodcutters
eczema</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.” It is also known as cedar poisoning caused by the overexposure to
lichens. It occurs mostly in lumbermen who develop allergic reactions to lichen
acids.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: '', serif, '', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Treatment </span></span></b></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">There is no direct treatment for eczema as
eczema often goes into remission (it’s like a sleeping state where there are no
symptoms). Then it flares up again in early adult years. But you can lower the
inflammation by using moisturizers, antibiotic creams or simply avoid wearing
clothing made of wool because they can irritate the skin. Also, taking cool
water showers rather than hot water showers and using soap that is less
sensitive to skin can help prevent flare-ups.</span></div>
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</div>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-55980837099040642582012-06-03T23:30:00.001-07:002012-06-05T20:53:48.390-07:00Common Skin Disorder (Skin Cancer)<strong>Skin Cancer</strong><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Skin cancer is the most common form of human cancer. It is developed from the uncontrollable growth of cancer cells in the epidermis. Skin cancer is caused by the overexposure of ultra violet rays (sunlight, tanning booths) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Symptoms for BCC </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US">The most common warning sign to determine skin cancer is a change in the appearance of the skin, like waxy bumps on face, ears or neck, brownish patches on chest and back or firm red lumps on lips, hands or arms.</span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><img border="0" closure_uid_uebf5d="2836" fba="true" height="133" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hsuxegWAhZg/T8xQC_fXfCI/AAAAAAAAAGE/UWyG9whKL9Y/s200/basal-cell-carcinoma.jpg" width="200" /></span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><strong>Treatment</strong></span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Skin cancer is treatable with standard surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Surgery helps to remove the cancer on the face while chemotherapy and radiation are performed when surgery is not an option.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<br />giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-80332627364078769302012-06-03T22:43:00.005-07:002012-06-05T20:53:21.946-07:00Common Skin Disorder (Acne)<br />
<strong>Acne</strong> <br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a common skin disorder that often occurs during adolescence. It is caused by the overproduction of cells and sebum that combined to form a plug that blocks the hair follicles. Over time, the trapped sebum allows bacteria to grow in the follicle and eventually forms acne.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u>Process of the Production of Acne: </u></span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVLCUkb9rZs/T8xAhL_P3vI/AAAAAAAAAEU/g1Jekx_9xA8/s1600/291290_f260.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; height: 201px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 320px;"><img border="0" fba="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVLCUkb9rZs/T8xAhL_P3vI/AAAAAAAAAEU/g1Jekx_9xA8/s1600/291290_f260.jpg" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Excess cells+sebum (an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">formation of a plug </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">infection with bacteria</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> eruption of acne</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QExIq_Pu6Xw/T8xAmuaTN9I/AAAAAAAAAEc/0TbaPQHGL-w/s1600/hair+follicle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" fba="true" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QExIq_Pu6Xw/T8xAmuaTN9I/AAAAAAAAAEc/0TbaPQHGL-w/s320/hair+follicle.jpg" width="320" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">In short, acne is caused by the <b>blockage of hair follicles.</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">There are potentially two types of acne: <strong>blackhead</strong> and <strong>whitehead</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Blackhead- </strong></span>occurs when the comedo is opened, meaning that it comes to contact with the air on the skin surface. This turns the comedo black due to the skin pigment.</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 12pt;"><strong>Whitehead</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">- occurs when the
trapped sebum produces a whitish bump below the skin surface.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<strong>Treatment</strong><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Treatment for acne includes: retinoids, antibiotics, hormone therapy and isotretinoin. They all help to reduce the production of sebum th</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">at may block the hair follicles.</span><br />
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<br />giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-74761807549506885782012-06-03T19:38:00.002-07:002012-06-05T20:52:47.224-07:00The Evolution of Human Skin<br />
<strong>Past History</strong><br />
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Our skin has not always been the same. Over the centuries, human skin has been gradually evolving in order to cope with the living environment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Paleontologists, people who study the history of life, have acknowledged the idea that</span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">human ancestors once possessed bodies covered in dense hair and rough skin. These two traits were important for human ancestors because they needed rough and hairy skin to protect them from the harsh winter, since the houses that they lived in back then were poor insulators against the bitter winter. As a result, the most obvious evolutionary adaptation is the roughness and the hairiness of skin.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><strong>Present Day</strong></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US">It is believed that humans began shedding hair and losing the roughness of skin so that our bodies could adjust to the hot conditions and the need to lose body heat upon physical activity.</span><br />
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<strong>Future Day</strong><br />
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In the future, skin products with specialized peptides, enzymes or plants cells will be created to protect the human skin cells from damage and deterioration. This will allow our skin to stay in its healthy state. <br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pbHUU2cHymY/T8waSwjzRCI/AAAAAAAAADg/mDUkLWvSyio/s1600/youthful+skin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" fba="true" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pbHUU2cHymY/T8waSwjzRCI/AAAAAAAAADg/mDUkLWvSyio/s320/youthful+skin.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span id="goog_400270636"></span></span> </span> <br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fun Fact</span></h2>
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The picture below is a "skin cell gun" developed by Jörg C. Gerlach in 2008. It is an airbrush-like tool that is used to isolate and spray stem cells onto severly burned skin in order to heal the wounds faster. It is orginally created for the purpose of healing the wounded soldiers faster. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P-m00mucamA/T8wfYgTOEkI/AAAAAAAAADs/kjzp2xci0zs/s1600/SkinGun_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" fba="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P-m00mucamA/T8wfYgTOEkI/AAAAAAAAADs/kjzp2xci0zs/s1600/SkinGun_02.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_-8Xxi10_do/T8wfc0yVX8I/AAAAAAAAAD8/Sq_JT3ceg_M/s1600/skin+cell+gun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" fba="true" height="126" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_-8Xxi10_do/T8wfc0yVX8I/AAAAAAAAAD8/Sq_JT3ceg_M/s200/skin+cell+gun.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5589307877913626971.post-47141423634464539862012-06-03T16:59:00.001-07:002012-06-03T17:53:40.074-07:00Basic Concepts of the Human Skin<h2>
What is Human Skin?</h2>
Human skin is the largest organ that acts as the primary defense line against
disease and injury. It protects the body from excessive water loss and receives
information from the environment through nerves that respond to pressure, pain,
heat or cold.<br />
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The Layers of Skin</h2>
<span style="text-indent: -0.32in;"> Human skin is composed of three distinct layers that function differently. They are "</span><i style="text-indent: -0.32in;">epidermis</i><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">," "</span><i style="text-indent: -0.32in;">dermis</i><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">," </span><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">and "</span><i style="text-indent: -0.32in;">hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)</i><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">."</span><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iMEbEpj5Qbk/T8v-JcXP_bI/AAAAAAAAACY/YkKefo0mwCM/s1600/Human+Skin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iMEbEpj5Qbk/T8v-JcXP_bI/AAAAAAAAACY/YkKefo0mwCM/s320/Human+Skin.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A cross-section of human skin</td></tr>
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<b> Epidermis</b>- the topmost layer of skin that consists of mainly dead and dying cells. It is also the scientific term for the word "skin." </div>
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<b> Dermis- </b>the second and the middle layer of skin that is supplied with blood vessels, nerves, hair roots and sweat glands. It is where new cells are born.</div>
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<b> Hypodermis (aka. subcutaneous tissue)</b>- the third and the innermost layer of human skin.Contains larger blood vessels, nerves and clumps of fat-filled cells that cushions the skin.<br />
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Fun Facts</h2>
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Did you know?<br />
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">Up to three billion skin cells are shed daily. This is necessary because skin cells can detoxify harmful substances.</span></li>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t3Q342URylA/T8wEAO5_PkI/AAAAAAAAACk/BbezjuqGwxU/s1600/virus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t3Q342URylA/T8wEAO5_PkI/AAAAAAAAACk/BbezjuqGwxU/s200/virus.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">When we talk about “</span><i style="text-indent: -0.32in;">aging</i><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">,” we are
potentially talking about the damage to the dermis. A healthy dermis is what
keeps our faces “youthful.” Overexposure to UV rays can cause saggy skin or
permanent blemishes.</span></li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FY_e6awoyhs/T8wE_w589WI/AAAAAAAAACs/SGuwrI0I2vU/s1600/bad+skin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FY_e6awoyhs/T8wE_w589WI/AAAAAAAAACs/SGuwrI0I2vU/s200/bad+skin.jpg" width="134" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">blemishes on skin</td></tr>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">Hypodermis is often unappreciated by people
because it is composed of mainly fat.</span><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">
</span><span style="text-indent: -0.32in;">However, it is an important insulator that regulates the body’s
temperature. </span></li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IQsmgLuQpXk/T8wF8fZzUoI/AAAAAAAAAC0/QehmUvCLK9E/s1600/sub.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="163" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IQsmgLuQpXk/T8wF8fZzUoI/AAAAAAAAAC0/QehmUvCLK9E/s200/sub.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">a microscopic view of the hypodermis from the neck</td></tr>
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</div>giddypighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02636616941664746451noreply@blogger.com2